Inspiring Memories free essay sample

â€Å"Youre a decent girl,† Dorothy said truly, her words slurred. I set the full spoon back in her bowl. Her watery blue eyes, somewhat covered up by wrinkles, took a gander at me. She made a sound as if to speak. â€Å"Youre a decent young lady. Thank you,† she said. I cleaned her nose, murmured a thank you, and topped off the spoon with chicken- ­flavored mush. It was dinnertime in the Reminiscence wing of Sunrise Assisted Living, and the clank and rattle of utensils ruled the dissipated voices. This was the place the occupants with Alzheimers lived. Once in a while, Gretchen would break out snickering or crying at her table of four. At the biggest table, Janie, who was missing piece of her arm, continued asking when her sister was coming to take her home. Mitsi would overlook she was having supper and get up, demanding that she had something critical to do. These grandparents, however not my own, changed my perspective on life gigantically. We will compose a custom article test on Moving Memories or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Having spoonfed a lady six decades more established than me, I cannot help however see the equals among Dorothy and my child cousin Caleb. Both need assistance to eat. Neither can walk unassisted. Basically, Dorothy and Caleb are totally powerless without somebody to think about them. This reliance must be mortifying for a grown-up with such huge numbers of encounters. In spite of these similitudes, it appears that grandkids earn unmistakably more consideration and love than grandparents. While babies are viewed as charming for their jokes, it alarms numerous to find that their grandparents have become like kids. Thusly, numerous families abstain from visiting their old, guaranteeing, â€Å"Hell overlook I was there 10 minutes after I leave.† This might be valid, however as indicated by an investigation distributed in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the feelings activated by an encounter stay much after the memory is no more. Fifteen minutes in the wake of watching clasps of tragedy films, subjects (who experienced dimentia) were gotten some information about the motion pictures. They reacted that they felt pitiful, despite the fact that they didnt recollect why; the experimenter reasoned that regardless of whether a patient overlooked his little girl had visited, his joy would stay for the remainder of the day. My granddad, who lives in a nursing home in Taiwan, has Alzheimers as well. Since Ive met him just a couple of times, I dont realize what he enjoys, where he has lived, or how he met my grandma. In any case, knowing Dorothy, Joe, Gretchen, and Mitsi, I feel nearer to him since I know how he should feel. Like these ladies, he is turning out to be less and less free. This must be such an unnerving encounter †to realize that youre losing your brain and body however can't take care of business. A few inhabitants who are beginning to slip into an extreme phase of Alzheimers appear to clutch something. Mitsi stresses unendingly that shes missing a significant gathering. Jo consistently needs to go to her space to switch totes. Janie continually asks when her sister is taking her home. Maybe they are declining to let the infection take everything. At the point when I consider it, I would be terrified to death on the off chance that I was determined to have Alzheimers and admitted to a helped living home, realizing that my illness would advance to the extent that I probably won't have the option to control my feelings. In spite of this, these ladies stay resolved to battle, sticking to their meager recollections, which mirrors the quality and love they have forever and their families. Likewise, Ill keep on supporting them by increasing all the information and abilities I can to help. My involvement in these older occupants has given me how honored I am. Despite the fact that Im not old and absent minded, Ive figured out how to value the opportunity of life unhindered by flawed memory or neurological issue. Ive chose to exploit these favors †youth, instruction, and a caring family †so I can help other people. These â€Å"others† are certainly not constrained to grandparents with Alzheimers; rather, I need to help those experiencing neurological clutters or mishaps live their lives with however much opportunity as could be expected. I trust that considering wellbeing sciences in school will assist me with discovering approaches to improve these grandparents memory or slow down the movement of Alzheiâ ­mers. Regardless of whether I wind up doing clinical research or working in a facility, I need to support our grandparents, who merit our adoration and regard. Whenever I go to Taiwan, I need to visit my granddad, and despite the fact that he may not remember me, Ill leave him grinning for the remainder of the day, asking why he is so cheerful.

How Successful Were the Liberal Governments of 1896 to 1915 in Dealing with the Problems They Faced?

In the period 1896 †1915, the state of Italy was generally in an awful state from various perspectives with different political, monetary and social issues that ruined the country’s progress. Italy’s Liberal Governments during this period were commonly ineffective in managing these acquired and developing issues obviously adding as far as possible of Liberalism in Italy. All the more in this way, the Liberal Government under the standard of Giolitti saw Italy advancing in certain conditions with respect to the financial concerns. In any case, it is entirely fathomable that the Liberal Governments needed taking care of the issues that they faced.The Liberal Government’s significant issue following unification was Italy’s financial advancement because of different issues. The financial circumstance in Italy after Unification was inadequate with regards to present day correspondences, for example, streets because of a constrained level of industrialisati on. This was an enormous issue for the Liberal’s to tackle since it implied that Italy was modernly declined in contrast with a large portion of Europe. As of this decay, the Liberal’s attempted to stop the Economic backwardness by expanding modern creation. This happened by basically expanding the level of the workforce in industry.Industrial mammoths, for example, Fiat and Pirelli utilized more specialists to help add to the expanded rate working in industry from 13% in 1871 to 23% in 1913. This demonstrated effective for the Liberal’s in manners that they improved mechanical yield. In any case, the workforce for industry being 23% was still around half than that of the workforce for agribusiness being 57%. In like manner, the Liberal Government didn't intensely improve industrialisation effectively. In addition, this expansion in modern workforce proved to augment the north-south partition socially in view of industry arranging for the most part in the north of Italy.To close, you would state that the Liberal Government neglected to manage this acquired issue in spite of the fact that it increased the mechanical workforce yet unimportantly accomplishing their point. Therefore, you would conclude that it left Italy with little groundwork for war and in like manner the social issues that were caused. It gives off an impression of being that the Liberal Government had intensified the north-south partition brought about by their just accomplished point in improving industry. Substantial taxes and charges on Italian fares likewise implemented by the Liberals totally finished Italian fare ventures particularly in silk trade.Judging this, joblessness expanded principally in the south causing social turmoil. The Government’s improved modern advancement had additionally caused redistribution of the populace all over Italy, thickly populating the towns and urban communities that were not set up for this congestion and deluge. As of this, t he authorized monetary changes, Italy had an enlarging number of social issues consolidating with the Liberal Government’s acquired issues. Right off the bat, this was the extraordinary north-south separation that was exceptionally hard to join because of the south being amazingly in reverse and poor and the north being increasingly evolved in each way.This social imbalance is obviously laid out in sensible expectations for everyday comforts in the north yet across the board low expectations for everyday comforts of the south. The government’s acquired social issue was likewise training. The north had improving training gauges †with high proficiency rates nonetheless, this was plainly opposite toward the south’s high ignorance rates figuring over 88% and low instruction levels. Accordingly, the Government managed this, by attempting to improve instruction in the south thus by 1913, the level of absence of education had diminished to 65. 3% demonstrating a f ruitful improvement.One of Giolitti’s strategies of change was to make against malarial medications free particularly in destitution struck regions of the south. This strategy had significantly improved the wellbeing for a great many people in the south of Italy. Moreover, there was an increasingly clear acquired issue for the Liberal’s. This was the level of the populace who communicated in the Italian language, in light of the fact that lone 2. 5% talked it. This happened because of the Italians communicating in their territorial dialects in states like Venice and Rome. Before these acquired issues, we would infer that the Government had immensely diminished grown-up lack of education rates particularly in the south from 88% to 65. %. The Liberals had additionally productively improved wellbeing administrations particularly in the south by implementing free enemy of intestinal sickness medicates essentially in the southern regions of Italy. Notwithstanding, the Liber al’s had bombed in taking care of the entirety of the issues on account of components, for example, joblessness staying high and the southern issue despite everything staying predominant on an entirety. In spite of the fact that, it is reasonable for judge that the Liberal Government was genuinely effective in managing the different social issues it had confronted causing critical enhancements as expressed before.However, the extraordinary social issues had prompted an expansion in the help of communism and furthermore prompting an expanded dread of socialism pushing political issues for the Liberal Governments to manage. The Liberals had ruled legislative issues for the most part for an extensive stretch of time. Anyway the Liberal Government had missed out on help tremendously by 1915 under Giolitionism. The Liberal Government’s general points were to balance out Italian legislative issues, end the congregation state division and clearly gain support for Liberalism.T his is valid inside and out, on the grounds that just 2% of the populace (working class/affluent landowners) chose from the North of Italy. This plainly implied the Liberal Government’s point was to expand their help for a supported timeframe. In any case, at times of Giolittionism, the Liberals have been excessively outfitted to the necessities of the rich and have not addressed the requirements of poor people. This implied the Liberal’s needed to attempt to work to serve poor people and different gatherings including moderate communists and Catholics to manage this difficult I. . Transformismo. Anyway this proposed â€Å"fair government† didn't unravel the major policy driven issue, which were the contrasts between these different gatherings and the Liberal Government that was obviously extraordinary under Giolitti’s political framework. This made it genuinely simple for Giolitti to lose bolster while implementing strategies thus the Liberal Governments fell through decently fast on an entirety. From what I can decide from the Liberal Political framework, there were different dangers presented against the Liberal Governments from the extreme left and far right.This was on the grounds that the common laborers exclusively turned their help to different gatherings who likewise needed change and revolt. Regarding this, the Liberal Government’s flopped frightfully in effectively managing political issues in the period 1896-1915. This was a direct result of not having the option to improve the political framework to support different gatherings subsequently leaving governmental issues deteriorated illustrating their disappointment. Generally speaking, from what I can finish up, we can say that the Liberal Governments had not effectively managed the issues they looked in the period 1896-1915.This had extended from their control of society which, albeit experienced for some situation a slight improvement however for each situation flopped horrendously in improving the primary north-south partition that laid out Italy’s separate in the public eye. Their command over the economy had reacted to a type of progress as far as industrialisation, yet they despite everything needed productively industrializing the nation for a war or modernisation. Moreover, we can conclude that the Liberal’s were insufficient in transcendently improving the political framework for which lead as far as possible of Liberalism in Italian governmental issues.

District of Columbia

District of Columbia District of Columbia, federal district (2010 pop. 601,723, a 5.2% increase in population since the 2000 census), 69 sq mi (179 sq km), on the east bank of the Potomac River, coextensive with the city of Washington, D.C. (the capital of the United States). The District was established by congressional acts of 1790 and 1791 and selected by George Washington. It was originally a 10-mi (16.1-km) square (100 sq mi/259 sq km), with Maryland and Virginia granting land on each side of the river, including Georgetown, Md., and Alexandria , Va. The Federal City was laid out at its center. Alexandria was returned to Virginia in 1847. The city continued to grow on the east bank of the river and in 1878, when Georgetown became a part of Washington (although it continued to operate as a separate city until 1895), the city of Washington and the District of Columbia became one and the same. Although Washington is the name known throughout the world, the city is more commonly called the Dist rict by its own residents. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Hiv Aids And Its Effect On Society - 1790 Words

HIV AIDS, which stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, are rapidly growing epidemics in our society. The wide public is not very informed about essential details of this disease; yet everyone thinks they know all there is to know about AIDS. Upon finalizing my topic, I verbalized it to my teacher in front of my class and received many interesting comments from my peers. â€Å"What are you going to say about AIDS for 10 whole pages?† said one. â€Å"We already know everything about AIDS† claimed another. Before my countless hours of research, I too thought I knew most everything about the disease, but contrarily I learned a lot. HIV/AIDS, a scorned disease which people take lightly in our society, has become increasingly prevalent and individuals need to be conscious of symptoms, risk factors, preventions, and its effect on society; and additionally aware that it is possible to live as normal as possible after diagnosis. What is HIV/Aids? Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, is a disease of the cells. It kills healthy cells then duplicates its own harmful virus cells, causing them to take over the body which can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS, if untreated. There are 2 types of HIV: HIV1 and HIV2. The main cause of AIDS is HIV1; Nonetheless HIV2 can also lead to AIDS but it does so more slowly. AIDS, is the more advanced stages of HIV where the immune system is extremely weak, even non-existent. It leaves the body open toShow MoreRelatedHiv / Aids And Its Effects On Society1500 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), and is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS HIV/AIDS deteriorates a person s ability to fight infections. It can be transmitted through direct contact of a mucous member or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid and breast milk and through unprotected sex and needle sharing. An HIV test checks finding. Medications mayRead MoreHow Has Aids Affected Our Society?1254 Words   |  6 PagesHow has AIDS affected our Society? Today more Americans are infected with STDs than at any other time in history. The most serious of these diseases is AIDS. Since the first cases were identified in the United States in 1981, AIDS has touched the lives of millions of American families. This deadly disease is unlike any other in modern history. Changes in social behavior can be directly linked to AIDS. Its overall effect on society has been dramatic. It is unknown whether AIDS and HIV existedRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1449 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) /Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is present around the world. HIV weakens the body’s immune system by attacking its defences against disease this later develops into AIDS which causes for the body to be unable to fight of illness and diseases it usually could (Afao.org.au, 2015). Chad a country of Sub Saharan Africa has an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/Aids. Working to decrease this a number promotional incentives are being run such as theRead MoreThe Fight Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( Hiv / Aids )1714 Words   |  7 Pagessyndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Africa and it became one of the earliest success stories (USAID 2004). However, the HIV-AIDS prevalence rates have been rising again drastically since 2011. Uganda now seeks for â€Å"Preventive Measures† lessons from other countries that had used it before as â€Å"a learning and reference point† (Monitor Uganda, May 8, 2013). Therefore, the question of interest in this paper is why are the rates of HIV-AIDS suddenly increasing in Uganda? According to the 2011 AIDS IndicatorRead MoreHiv/Aids in Africa Essay842 Words   |  4 PagesSub-Saharan Africa is the region of the world that is most affected by HIV/AIDS. The United Nations reports that an estimated 25.4 million people are living with HIV and that approximately 3.1 million new infections occurred in 2004. To put these figures in context, more than 60 percent of the people living with the infection reside in Africa. Even these staggering figures do not quite capture the true extent and impact that this disease causes on the continent. In 1998, about 200,000 Africans diedRead MoreRole Of The Affordable Care Act Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of the Affordable Care Act in Reducing the Cost of HIV in the United States HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and if left untreated, can lead to AIDS (Fauci, 1988). Globally, 36.7 million people are living with HIV and 1.2 million are living with HIV in the United States. Over the last decade, the annual number of new HIV diagnoses decreased by 19%, and many health professionals and public health researchers attribute this to both awareness and prevention. Research shows thatRead MoreWhy Hiv / Aids Is A Serious Medical And Social Issue?1602 Words   |  7 PagesSaju Khatri English1113 December 1, 2015 Why HIV/AIDS is a serious medical and social issue HIV/ AIDS is the serious problem of the world today. HIV is commonly known as Human Immune Deficiency Virus and AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Virus. HIV is the first stage and AIDS is the final stage of the same disease. HIV/AIDS is not itself a disease, but it decrease the power of immunity in the human body which will decrease the resistance capacity of the body to fight the disease. It is the fluidRead MoreAids Research Paper1428 Words   |  6 Pagesthe history of time, there have been diseases that have altered the environment of communities, societies, and the world. Some of these diseases were more catastrophic than others, however all are important to understanding how to prevent and prevail over these illnesses. One of the most preeminent diseases of our world today is the epidemic of AIDS. As a consistent killer throughout the world, AIDS has become an immediate concern to agencies and governments worldwide. In response, there are numerousRead MoreStigma Of Hiv An d Aids918 Words   |  4 Pages With the recent passing of World AIDS day on December 1st, 2015, which followed Charlie Sheen’s recent disclosure of him being HIV-positive, revealed sad realties about society’s relations to HIV and AIDS. So it seems opportune that this paper shed some light on the issue of stigma in relation to HIV and AIDS. This paper supports the notions that although stigma around HIV status has come a long way since its inception as an infectious disease in the 1980s, HIV stigma has not yet come to an endRead MoreA Research Study On Palliative Care1663 Words   |  7 PagesPreviously, HIV was considered a disease associated with young persons. However, in present day, it is recognized as the disease that affects people of all ages. Individual aged 50 and older has many of the same HIV risk factors as a younger individual. There is an increase in the number of patients aged 50 and over who are living with HIV. This increase in the population is du e to the increase in life expectancy of people with HIV and new cases in older people. To manage this increasing population

Business Law Fries And Lies, With A Side Of Oj - 1536 Words

Luke Endres Business Law Fries and Lies, With a Side of OJ In this paper I will be talking about the events and proposed evidence that caused O.J. simpson to be convicted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman. Due to the nature of the case and the outcome, it is considered the most controversial and talked about trial of the last 20 years. It all started on June 12th, 1994 (3 days after I was born, coincidence?) when a single male entered into Nicole Brown Simpson’s (O.J.’s current ex-wife) condominium on Bundy Drive through the back entrance. In a â€Å"nearly enclosed area near the front gate†, Nicole was feverishly slashed, almost slicing her head off from her neck. The male then proceed to struggle with and†¦show more content†¦Police worked with Robert Shapiro, OJ’s lawyer, to come to an agreement that OJ was to turn himself in to police headquarters by 10 o’clock on June 17th, the day after Nicole’s funeral. OJ did not show up and Police informed Shapiro that they would be on their way to OJ’s house to get him. When they arrived to Simpson’s Brentwood home, they found no OJ, but they did find a letter, addressed â€Å"To whom it may concern†. I read it, and it contains all the indications of a suicide letter. Very strange was that it was focused on OJ and Nicole, and their relationship. He mentioned â€Å" I m sorry for the Goldman family. I know how much it hurts.†, but besides that it wasn’t focused on how he did or did not murder Nicole, (although he claims â€Å"First, everyone understand I have nothing to do with Nicole s murder†) but his life and relationships with others. After this, OJ set out in his friend’s white Bronco, complete with handgun, fake beard, $8,750, and passport. Headed to where? My dad says Mexico but I could not find any confirmation of a direction. The police got word of OJ from a motorist in Orange County who spotted him in his friend’s vehicle. The chase was very slow, even with multiple police cars and a helicopter, and ended with OJ’s arrest in his own driveway. The prosecution’s mistake, which could be completely argued as deciding the outcome of this case, was to file the case in downtown district rather than inShow MoreRelated65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesBUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 APPLICATION SECOND EDITION E S S AY S APPLICATION BUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 ECSNS A IYI O N S SE O D ED T With Analysis by the Staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School Newspaper ST. MARTIN’S GRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of AmericaRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesdialects. It has a rather complex and non-phonemic transcription of the vowels; tone is partially marked. Part III (1913) consists of Proverbs, narratives, vocabularies and Grammar, the vocabularies being of Awka, OniÄ a (Onitsha), Abo (Aboh), Ivitenu, and á »Å'jà ¡ (the last two being apparently extreme northern dialects). These vocabularies are based on the same list that Thomas uses in his Specimens of languages from Southern Nigeria (1914), in which he gives lists from 26 dialects of Igbo and closely relatedRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 Pagesself-study. Chapter Organization and Topical Coverage The book contains five parts. Part I is introductory. The first chapter is an introduction to the philosophy and basic concepts of quality improvement. It notes that quality has become a major business strategy and that organizations that successfully improve quality can increase their productivity, enhance their market penetration, and achieve greater profitability and a strong competitive advantage. Some of the managerial and implementation aspects

Comparison Between International Law and National Law Free Essays

Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of national and international law. To what extent can they be said to be similar or different? Introduction The world has witnessed the development of law since times immemorial in response to growing interaction among the individuals resulting in a need for a framework to regulate their interactions in the territories they live in. Similarly, ever since the interaction between the states has increased, the evolution of International Law has evolved accordingly side by side the National Law regulating the relations among the states. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Between International Law and National Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now The growing role of both National Law and International Law in their respective spheres and in intersecting spheres has given rise to a debate over their relation to each other. International Law: International Law is the law that governs the relations among states and other international legal persons, and regulates relations between states. The sources of International Law are customs grown up among states and lawmaking treaties concluded by them. There is no â€Å"black or white† answer, the most agreed upon common ground for the description of sources is found, although not exhaustively, in article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. Stating that treaties are the main source, then come customs, after those general principles of law recognized by civilized countries, and finally judicial decisions and teachings of the most highly qualifies publicist of the various nations. National law: National law is the law of a state, which governs the domestic affairs of the state. The sources of Municipal Law are customs grown up within the boundaries of the state concerned and statutes enacted by the law giving authority. Municipal Law regulates relations between the individuals under the sway of a state and the relations between the state and the individual. Strengths and Weaknesses of International Law and National Law: 1. National law is conditioned by the fundamental principle or rule that state legislation has to be obeyed, while International Law is conditioned by the principle â€Å"pacta sunt servanda† i. . agreements between states are to be respected—which leaves International Law helpless as to the implementation of its rules and regulations over the states in the absence of any enforcing body vis-a-vis National Law which has the state apparatus at its disposal for its implementation in the form of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Moreover, each nation can opt out of international treaties if it deems that it is not in line with its national interest, which exposes the major weakness of International Law. 2. International Law is slow to adapt to the changes that are taking place in the world and even slower to absorb changes and encompass them into its existing framework. To add to its problems, the states act individually in accepting any changes in its framework and have the option of not complying with the law if they do not agree to do so. Whereas the national law keeps on improving in response to the changing requirement of the society thus it is in sync with the cultural, economic, and political developments of the states. 3. The technological advancement and globalization have spawned new problems beyond the capacity of National Law to be solved such as the regulation of outer space, the division of the deep sea ground, the protection of human rights, anti-terrorist actions, the control of international finance system, the prevention of global warming etc. These issues have increased the relevance and importance of International Law in the contemporary world due to its wide range of jurisdiction as compared to the limited jurisdiction of National Law. 4. Question of priority: Scholars belonging to Dualist point of view assert that the two laws are not to supersede, but to coordinate with each other; therefore, there is no conflict between the two. If a case in which conflict arises between International Law and municipal law before an International Tribunal, the practice is to prefer the International Law over the municipal law. Where conflict arises in a case before a municipal Court (except where the state has adopted the International Law to supersede, by constitution or law), the national law is preferred. 5. Where does primacy reside: in International Law or in national law. If International Law has drawn its validity only from state constitution, it would necessarily cease its validity when authority rested upon disappears. But valid operation of International Law does not invalidate its importance and regard. For example, after Belgium became independent state, treaties had not lost their force despite internal constitutional changes. The International Law also asserts its supremacy when new states enter in international society and International Law binds them without their consents. Every state is duty bound to bring not only its laws but also its constitution in accordance with International Law. . In states, the practice as to apply International Law by municipal courts is different from each other. Some states have interpreted in their constitution to apply International Law and therefore, their courts are bound to apply International Law such as Germany, Korea, USA, etc. But in most states, the courts apply International Law conditioned upon the precedence and the practices of the state. Similarities Scholars belonging to the Monist view consider both the laws as a single unity composed of binding legal rules whether those rules are obligatory on states, on individuals, and on entities other than states. If it is generally accepted that International Law is a true law then there is no doubt to deny that the two systems constitute part of that unity. In the view of Kelson and other monist writers, there cannot be any escape from the position that the two systems, because they are both systems of legal rules, are interrelated parts of one legal structure. It is the duty of state to enforce the International Law as the state law in its jurisdiction. Just as National Law aims at building and maintaining an orderly society within a state, International Law aims at maintaining a peaceful stability of the global community. Differences There are two basic differences between the two systems: 1. Subject of law: In national law subjects are individuals whereas states are solely and exclusively subjects of International Law. 2. Juridical origin: In state, source of law is will of the individuals for which they are concerned while in international law source of law is common will of the states concerned. Thus this provides a base to the Positivist scholars to claim that the two systems are entirely different. National law mainly is based on judge made law and the statutes passed by legislature whereas International Law is comprised of the customary rules and treaties among the states. Malcolm Shaw delineates this difference by describing the legal apparatus of law as having a legal order enunciating that laws are created by a recognized legislating body, there is a hierarchical system of courts which sees to their enforcement, and there is an overarching executive governing entity above all citizens. This makes national law inherently hierarchical, and the organization of authority vertical. As for international law, it does not operate within the same legal order. It is not always created by a unique legislative body (although the UN General Assembly may create nonbinding multilateral agreements), nor tried in a unified judicial body with the power to apply legally binding sentences (even if there is the International Court of Justice and many other international courts), neither applied by an overarching international executive body. Additionally, it has no unified system of sanctions, other than the existence of certain circumstances in which the use of force is regarded as justified and legal (chapter VII of the UN Charter). Reinforcing this point, Article 2 of the UN Charter states: The Organization is based on the principle of sovereign equality of all its Members, which means that there is no overarching authority recognized over them. The fact that all states are theoretically equal, makes the international system horizontal, as opposed to the vertical one of the national level. In this sense, if there is no overarching international authority to impose international law. Every state must give its consent in order to be bound by it. By doing so, a consenting state lets the international community know that it will follow the principles and directives of that law. Contrary to this, citizens are automatically bound by domestic law. No citizen needs to let other citizens know he will follow the rules. Conclusion: Each and every system is supreme in its own field and neither has dominance over the other. Arguments offered just provide a background to the complex relations between the two systems. Three factors operate on the subject matter: Firstly, to what extent state organs are willing to apply rules of International Law internally and externally. Secondly, the difficulty of proving the existence of particular rules of International Law. In case of difficulty municipal courts may rely on advice from the executive or existing internal precedents, and the result may not be in accordance with an object appreciation of the law. Thirdly, courts, both municipal and international, will often be concerned with the more technical question as to which is the appropriate system to apply to particular issues arising. How to cite Comparison Between International Law and National Law, Essay examples

The Comic Journey of Twelfth Night Is Usually from the Darkness of Ignorance to the Light of Self Knowledge. Discuss This Journey in Twelfth Night free essay sample

Discuss this journey in Twelfth Night. The play, Twelfth Night, was written as a comedy, however, one can clearly see that it served many purposes such as criticizing the society of the time and as a result posed difficult questions on a society which in itself was ignorant on many issues in the society. Many characters undergo a change from ignorance to being enlightened by self knowledge. The characters start a journey from being uninformed or lacking knowledge to an instance where the mental states of the character and thus their beliefs, desires or sensations have been affected. In Twelfth night thus we look at the comedy and significance of this transition from where the characters are uninformed of certain events to where they are enlightened and either the character or world is transformed. Ignorance first arises at the start of the play. This occurs when Viola decides to dress as a man and serve count Orsino, â€Å" I’ll serve this duke; Thou shalt present me as an eunuch to him- ( 1, 2, 55-56)†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Comic Journey of Twelfth Night Is Usually from the Darkness of Ignorance to the Light of Self Knowledge. Discuss This Journey in Twelfth Night or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This creates humor as she will appear to Orsino as a eunuch: someone who is employed in a role of secrecy, but she herself keeps her gender a secret. She does this as she is ignorant as to what her position is within Illyria and hides herself in order to deduce her role in this new and strange world. She then achieves self knowledge as she realizes that she is in love with Orsino and wants to marry him, â€Å" I’ll do my best To woo your lady. Yet, a barful strife! Whoe’er I woo, myself would be his wife ( 1, 4, 41-43)†. A comic instance is thus expressed as her means of survival in the society becomes the desire of her love. This shows she has reached self knowledge as she has fallen in love and thus her desires change her world . This is not possible at first as she herself, being a woman, cannot confirm her status and as a result she continues to conceal her true identity until she finds Sebastian. At this point she is able to show her true identity and thus her self knowledge becomes her reality as she is able to reveal her true self and profess her love to the count, â€Å" And all those sayings will I over-swear, And all those swearing keep as true in soul†¦ ( 5, 1, 260-261)†. The simile â€Å" keep as true† stresses the fact that she confirms the true nature of her love to Orsino. The fact that she conceals herself past the point where she has realized her desires is the sole reason for all further events to downplay. This allows the world to be transformed as only with the presence of Sebastian can she herself show her true appearance in gender as well as in status and can be accepted as Orsino’s lover. This in effect is Shakespeare showing social commentary due to the fact that Viola is unable to show her true identity and be accepted in the society until man confirms this. This comic instance shows the stupidity of gender inequality as Viola and Sebastian are of the same status but only with her male counterpart can she reveal a disguise which has caused much chaos and confusion throughout the play. In the case of Orsino we may observe a typical scenario where a man falls in love with a beautiful woman and is ignorant to the truth that she does not love him, â€Å"How she will love, when the rich golden shaft Hath kill’d the flock of all affections else ( 1, 1, 35-36)†. This shows us Orsino believes she will love him even though she blatantly states she is not interested in such a relationship with the count as the shaft symbolizes cupids arrow which would make her fall in love. This is humorous as he believes her rejection only shows her large capacity for love as he feels she only rejects his affections as she is in excess of mourning and this intices him to feel more strongly towards her rather than to believe the truth. This comic nature of his love is stereotypical of a man and his infatuations with a woman. The humor is then expressed to the audience as dramatic irony as his servant becomes the object of Olivia’s affections. The situation is then further complicated as his own feelings of friendship immediately turn to romance when he is enlightened that his servant is a woman and he moves to self knowledge in the fact that his own sensations and desires are changed, â€Å" Here is my hand; you shall from this time be your master’s mistress ( 5, 1, 313-314)†. This instance is where Orsino confirms his love for Viola and the alliteration in the m sound at the end of his line stresses the contradiction and importance in the occurrence. This enlightenment is comic in the fact that Viola is fired from Orsino’s service only for her to be accepted as a servant of love to the count as lovers may be seen to be servants to their spousal partners. His love of Viola, therefore, allows him to accept that Olivia will never love him and has in fact chosen another suitor and has married Sebastian. This is also a point of self knowledge for the count as he accepts the situation and his feelings of romantic love towards Olivia changes to sibling love, â€Å"To think me as well a sister as a wife ( 5, 1, 305)†. Orsino accepts this statement made by Olivia and this adds comedy to the play as it hints at jest towards incest. At the time incest was not considered noble, however, did occur and in the case of Olivia and Orsino it is true. Since Olivia unknowingly marries both Cessario and Sebastian and Orsino decides Viola will be his mistress, as a result the become romantically linked as well as becoming brother and sister in law. Shakespeare uses Orsino’s love for Olivia to criticize the fact that men often lust after woman rather than showing true love for them. He thus also shows the audience the fact that he feels love is rather through friendship and interaction rather than infatuation towards ones love. In the end we can clearly see that there is ignorance throughout the play due to the themes of appearance vs. reality such as the disguise of Viola and the social system of the time for example that woman were perceived as less important than men ( Viola needing a man to confirm she is of nobility). Self enlightenment is thus only reached when these barriers are broken and truths can be revealed. This brings realities and self knowledge to characters and as a result they change the world around them. The journey this takes in Twelfth Night becomes comic as chaos and confusion created as a result of ignorance invokes misconception in the characters and creates an atmosphere of dramatic irony and humor to downplay. Through the use of comedy Shakespeare thus poses hidden messages and questions upon the society and as a result effectively shows the faults of the society and its people.