Tuesday, December 31, 2019

A Plan Of Investigation On The Peace After World War I

A Plan of investigation This investigation will explore the extent to which implausible peace settlement propositions during World War I led to the Armistice and eventually engendered German animosity and hostility. This investigation will examine the circumstances of the First World War that drove the Allies to push for an armistice as opposed to an unconditional surrender. It will analyze the tactics of negotiation of the Allies in order to end the war and examine German anger when expectations were not met. Overall, this investigation will examine how this well-intentioned urgency for peace negatively impacted the future of Europe in terms of its failure to fulfill the promises made by the Allies. Research for the investigation will be†¦show more content†¦Masses of German troops shifted from the east to the west. It became evident that, with Germany on the rise to power, American intervention was needed on behalf of the Allies. President Wilson clung to neutrality, but the Bolshevik Revolution but a strain on the American people to intervene in order to safeguard international democracy. With an estimated six months until British surrender, the weary Allies waited for aid. America’s mobilization for war demanded extreme sacrifice of the American people; over 7.5 civilians were conscripted into the armed forces, American factories broke all records for production, monetary aid flowed to the Allies, and civilian consumption was cut drastically. The overstrained Germans met American troops in September of 1918; the offensive proved to be more than the Germans could withstand and an armistice was arranged in November. German Sentiment In September of 1918 dictatorial powers rested with German military leader, General Ludendorff, who realized that Germany’s cause was hopeless. He urged the Kaiser to establish a parliamentary republic hoping that the Allies would treat a peaceful German Republic more leniently than a militaristic empire. Kaiser William II was abdicated in November, the new Weimar Republic of Germany was established, and the armistice was signed. The Armistice Germany agreed to armistice negotiations only if the settlement was founded president Wilson’s

Monday, December 23, 2019

A Basic Principle Of Attachment Theory Essay - 1585 Words

A parent-child interaction happens prenatal and continues throughout a child s development soon after a child is born, an attachment begins. This attachment begins with imprinting which some call the sensitive period. During this time the child will become attached to the first caregiver seen (usually the mother) and look to it for any sort of comfort. This was discovered through Bowlby s experiment with ducks in the 1970 s, Bowlby defined attachment theory as â€Å"Attachment theory conceptualizes the propensity of human beings to make strong affectional bonds to particular others (Bowlby, 1977, p. 201).† (Bartholomew Horowitz, 1991 p. 226). â€Å"A basic principle of attachment theory is that attachment relationships continue to be important throughout the life span (Ainsworth, 1982,1989; Bowlby, 1977,1980,1982b).† (Bartholomew Horowitz, 1991 p. 226). Many theories have been proposed to explain what motivates human interactions and behaviors in relationships. This literature review on Shelley A. Riggs, Angela M. Cusimano, and Karen M. Benson paper Childhood Emotional Abuse and Attachment Processes in the Dyadic Adjustment of Dating Couples and W. Steven Rholes, Ramona L. Paetzold, Jamie L. Kohn paper Disorganized attachment mediates the link from early trauma to externalizing behavior in adult relationships will primarily be looking at how childhood maltreatment leads to disorganized attachment which is thus exhibited in later life relations. Secondarily, this review willShow MoreRelatedBonding : Maternal Infant Attachment And The Maternal Role Attainment Theory1707 Words   |  7 Pagesthoughts that integrates unrelated phenomena, and is the primary building block of a theory. Concepts are necessary components of a phenomenon, which are used to comprehend and be synthesized into a theory or paradigm. (McEwen, M. Wills, E.M.) According to McEwen Wills concept exploration, concept clarification, and concept analysis are three strategies described by Meleis in 2012. These are used in nursing theory, research and practice to develop conceptual meanings. (McEwen, M. Wills, E.M.)Read MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1421 Words   |  6 Pages There are a lot of close relationship theory that are studied in social psychology but one of the main theory is attachment theory. This theory not only provides a framework for understanding emotional reactions in infants but also in love, loneliness, and grief in adults. In adults there are attachment styles that are a type of working model that explains certain behaviors that are developed at infancy and childhood. An infant requires two basic attitudes during their earliest interactionsRead MoreThe Attachment Of Children And Their Influence On Children1686 Words   |  7 PagesAvoidant Attachment in Children Parents are a vital factor in the development of their children. Many parents fill various roles as teachers, playmates, caregivers, and disciplinary figures; but one of the most important roles that a parent can hold is that of an attachment figure. The attachment between a child and their attachment figure is a strong predictor of the child’s later social and emotional wellbeing (Benoit, 2004). John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth worked together to come to the principleRead MoreThe Development of Attachment Theory and Its Strengths and Limitations999 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment of Attachment Theory and Its Strengths and Limitations English psychiatrist John Bowlby is a leading and influential figure within the history of social reform. His work has influenced social work policies and legislation relating to child psychiatry and psychology. Bowlby was trained as a psychoanalyst, and was influenced by Freudians theories, but became influenced again in his attachment theory by the work of ethologists. The ethologists theory concentrates Read MoreAttachment, A Deep And Emotional Bond1477 Words   |  6 PagesWhen we consider the term attachment we may look to John Bowlby for an explanation who stated that ‘attachment is a deep and emotional bond that connects one person to another through space and time’ this is a great analogy, however what we do know about attachment is that it can be one sided, it is possible for one person to attach themselves or create a bond with a person that doesn’t reciprocate their feelings. An attachment may be considered as a likeness or kinship when the feeling is mutualRead MoreRationale Statement : The Development And Implementation Of The Curriculum1639 Words   |  7 Pagesalso believes that infants have strong drives to learn and powerful learning abilities; they show imagination and perseverance†(Rockel, 2010). Children’s learning and development start deteriorating in the p oor environment. In spite of including the basic needs, for example; catering for the hunger, thirst, changing clothes and nappies, the curriculum for infants and toddlers should include â€Å"challenging but flexible environment to support children’s needs needs for exploration and building new skills†Read MoreWhat Causes Emotions And Behavior Of Humans And Lower Animals905 Words   |  4 Pagescauses of emotions are not fully understood, but there are several established theories regarding the concept, that have been put forward to explain why emotions are felt. A few of the popular ones are listed below. James- Lange theory of emotion is one of the best known examples of a physiological theory of emotion, independently proposed by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange. James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions toRead MoreBandura s Theory On Social Learning1734 Words   |  7 PagesC1 Bandura s theory is based on social learning. He emphasises the importance of observing and modelling the behavior, attitudes and emotional reaction from others. Children from large families or children who attend day care may do this a lot, they will always be observing other children or their siblings behavior, attitude or emotional reactions even if they don’t intend to. . In society, children are surrounded by many influential models, such as parents within the family, characters on children’sRead MoreAinsworth s Theory Of Attachment1184 Words   |  5 PagesRoxanne Keller Instructor Hira Nair Psychology 0101 Ainsworth’s Theory of Attachment 11/02/2015 Introduction I chose the topic of human attachment because I think it is a beautiful thing to watch. To see an infant so instantly attached to its mother/father. It’s just an amazing thing to see and to experience. In this layout I will briefly explain the attachment theory and its origins as well as how I relate to it. Attachment is the emotional bond that forms between an infant and its caregiverRead MoreA Comprehensive And Insightful Psychosocial Analysis Of Human Development Across The Lifespan1354 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment across the lifespan. It encompasses a vast array of purported psychosocial developmental theories which are applicable to all practices within the helping professions and in general, corresponds primarily to the course of a human life. This book has 12 chapters where chapter contents include: the birth of a human being: what makes us who we are; a secure base: the importance of attachment; adolescence, identity and change; family systems and their life cycle; growing up with a disability

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Introduction of Policing Free Essays

The duties, functions and responsibilities of local state law enforcement agencies are done by the police department. And this consists of patrolling, administrative, training and technical support. There is also arresting of law violators, performing routine patrol, investigation of crimes, enforcing traffic laws, providing traffic and crowd control at parades, public events and issuing special license and permits. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction of Policing or any similar topic only for you Order Now One major thing is upholding the law and preventing crime. And last but not least is to protect and serve our people. The duties, functions and responsibilities of the state law enforcement agencies are done by the Highway patrol mainly. And this consists of dealing with growing crime in non-urban are of the country. This is linked with politics and urban and country corruption. They also provide escort and body guard services to the governor and any other type of governor. They also provide security for the property that they live in. Also look into arson and investigations of homicides. They patrol small towns and state highways, regulate traffic and crimes from crossing the borders of different jurisdiction and prevent crime. And which, the state laws are being enforced. The major differences between Local and state law enforcement agencies are pretty much there jurisdiction, certain crimes that they work on, staffing and support. The local police stay with in their jurisdiction and if for some reasons it becomes a state’s job it is handed over. They also try and prevent any type of overlapping. The three federal law enforcement agencies that I found interesting to talk about are FBI, CIA and the DEA. FBI: Federal Burial of Investigations, Upholds law of the United States, they look at state and local laws and investigates federal crimes and prosecutes within federal law. They also prosecute and investigate fugitives. Also they investigate bombings, mail fraud, kidnapping and serial killers. CIA: The Central Intelligence Agency, national security for the United States which is Presidency protection, special intelligence work including other countries. The CIA pretty much works for the President of The United States. To collect, evaluate and decimate foreign intelligence to assist the president and senior U. S. Government. Also does policy makers in making decisions when it comes to national security. DEA: Drug Enforcement Agency, Enforces the United States governments laws and regulations regarding controlled substances. Responsibilities are to identify arrest and successfully prosecute offenders. Also evolved in investigation of drug trafficking. This was an interesting check point assignment and very educational. How to cite Introduction of Policing, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Prevalence of Globalization and Rapid Advancement

Question: Discuss about the Prevalence of Globalization and Rapid Advancement. Answer: Introduction Prevalence of globalization and rapid advancement in science and technologies has massive impact on the business world. The improved information and communication technologies influence almost all the business activities so that the activities are now more integrated and synchronized. As a result the efficiency of the business is improved as well as it become easier than before (Joshi, Liao, Martocchio, 2011). However, at the same time the competition is radically increased in the business world as due to globalization the market is now open and the big global players use to make entry in the market and competition is increasingly growing for the local business. In this particular scenario, all the business organizations put great effort on developing effectual business policies and marketing strategies, which help the organization in surviving in this cut-throat competitive market. In order to attain additional advantages from this ruthless market the management of the organization s provides effort to develop and implement efficient Human Resources Management (HRM) strategies, which help the organization in recruiting, training as well as deploying the human resources of the organization in appropriate way. Besides this, management provides effort in developing suitable design for the organization, in developing accurate culture and ethics within the organization and develops a behavioral pattern within the organization (Martocchio, 2007). Apart from this, the human resource management of the organization provides great emphasis on their employees so that develop strategies to improve the performance of their employees, owing to this several performance management strategies has been developed and implemented, different types of motivational therapies has been adopted so that the performance of the employees can be improved and the maximum output from the workforce of the organization has been achieved. Besides this, companies use to take several important po licies in order to retain their efficient workers within the organization such by improving their remuneration or giving them promotion. Apart from this the succession planning for the future growth and development is also a necessary objective of the management (Martocchio Ferris, 2003). Moreover, as the mining organizations are hardcore business organization thus, for successful running of the organization need to implement effective strategies that help in maintain the growth and development of the company. Case One The motivation of employees is the key success factor for challenging and innovative organization. The performance of organization includes productivity, profitability, customer satisfaction and marketing effectiveness. The performance management helps to motivate the employees towards their goal. It includes planning, learning, succession planning, measuring, compensation, career development and reporting. Organizations are focusing on developing, motivating and increasing the performance of the employees (Aguinis, 2009). Performance management ensures employees are focusing on their work that contributes to the achievement of the goals of the organization. Managers and supervisors are responsible to manage the performance of the employees. The management department should implement management practices in order to motivate the employees to achieve their targets. An efficient performance management supports the motivation through clear objective setting process, feedback provided by the managers and with the help of strong management system (Cook, 2003). Motivation is commonly affected if the employees do not see actions on the low performers in team. The managers can guide their decision making process with the help of performance management as it motivate the employees to achieve their goals. A trustful and efficient performance management system cannot be achieved without appropriate performance standards. The HR department has to define the requirements for the job positions within the organization (Curseu, 2015). Managers and HR have to prepare fair and balanced requirements system. The employees have to meet the quantitative as well as qualitative criteria. The expectations of the managers can be determined from the set standards. The performance standards that are not met by the employees cannot expect any recognition and rewards in the organization. The managers can take action if t he the set standards are not met by the employees. The performance sta ndards can be seen by everyone and it is expected to achieve the standard level for the specific job position. The employees within the organization can be motivated if they see action on the low performers in team(Das, 2003). The managers and team leader should constantly work with the high as well as low performers. The low performers should be guided appropriately in order to achieve the goals of the organization and their performance can be improved in a short period of time. The managers should distinguish between the low performers and high performance in order to plan the work appropriately. The performance management helps the managers to determine low performers who perform low permanently in the team. The managers should determine and evaluate the basic rules and regulations of the performance management within the organization. The low performers should be provided one or two chances to improve their performance (Maņºlanka-Wieczorek, 2014). They should be provided training and education that will help them to achieve the performance standards. All the employees should understand the importance of performance standard and setting their goal on the basis of the set standard. Managers have to be supported and educated by the human resources. Human resource manager prepares training courses that is evaluated from the performance management system. Discussions and meetings should be conducted to discuss on the topic about motivating employees and implementing performance management within the organization. Therefore, motivation can be supported strongly by the p erformance management system within the organization (Mitchell, 2007). The mangers should be trained with the low performers and high performers. The managers plays significant role in identifying the main causes and reasons for the low performance. The satisfaction of employees is very much important that should be focused by the managers while executing their tasks. It is one of the most important targets of the managers to motivate employees and determining the needs of the employees (PeÃÅ' rotin and Robinson, 2004). Expectations and demand of the employees are compared to their performance as well as guiding their goals on the basis of that. The performance management improves the performance of the organization by improving individual and team performance as well as clarifying the expectations of the teams. The main purpose of the performance management system is to develop competencies and skills of the individuals, providing tool for the managers to manage the employees p erformance and allowing the employees to become actively involved to manage their performance. The managers can take important decisions on the basis of the performance management. The performance of the employees will help to provide direction to the managers to prepare the goals of the tasks. Performance management also helps the managers to implement the framework of SMART goals which means the targets should be specific, measurable, achievable, result oriented and time bound. The preparation of the goals will be on the basis of SMART objectives. The planning, organizing, directing and controlling the task objectives is very much important which can be achieved with the help of the appropriate process (Van Dooren, 2011). The decision making process is considered as one of the most important step while achieving the goals of the organization. Therefore, the decisions can be taken by the managers with the help of performance management which motivates the employees to achieve their goals. The employees should perform their tasks as per the set standards and performing at thei r level best on the basis of the guidance given the managers. Performance management imposes vital impact on the performance of the employees that should be understood by the managers. Therefore, the expectations should be set for the employees and motivating the employees towards their goals. Case two The Mining Co consists of a problem that is related to the migration of the workers and the labours for the economical crisis. The migration of the staffs of the company lags the company in the competitive market and henceforth the rotation of the staffs creates a negative impact on the workers of the company with hampering the production of the company. The economic crisis in Greece has been created with the impact of the presence of the ISIS in the Middle East and thereby it results in leaving of the senior executives from the job. Henceforth the recommendations are provided as per the board and as a result the impact can be neglected with neglecting the curbs that are formed (Mitsakis, 2014). There are different recommendations which are vividly described below with the explanations for the expansion of the growth of the company and also helps in neglecting the issues that are caused which are as follows:- First of all appropriate definition of the vision must be created which helps in the creation of the road maps for the employees and thereby it also helps in the creation of the twist and the turns for the achievement of the vision. It also helps in the enhancement of the vision and also motivates the employees to achieve the prefixed destination with fixing the goals and the objectives of the vision (BoveÃÅ' e Thill, 2000). Secondly, identification of the needs and the wants of the employees must be done for the further satisfaction of the wishes of the employees. It also provides the mental satisfaction to the employees and also helps them to provide the utmost effort in their work. With the provision of the better technological tools and the support from their supervisors the employees gets satisfied with the enhancement of the skills and also it helps in the increment of the productivity for the company Mining Co. Appropriate communication must be executed for the creation of the fr5iendly environment in between the employees of the organisation. Lacking of this skill it also helps in the creation of differentiation in between the employees and the staffs or the supervisors of the company (Gerson Gerson, 2007). Training sessions, memos and the newsletters must be provided to the labours for the enhancement of their working skills and thereby helps in the increment of the productivity of the organisation or the company. The most important part is the communication of the managers with the other staffs or the labours that also focuses on the productivity of the company. The better the communication process executed by the managers, the more the growth of the employees takes place which helps the company to stand by in the competitive market with the enhancements of its productivity. With the engagement of everyone in the particular work, creates the way for the enhancement of the appropriate decision making process and thereby creates the growth in the planning and the decision making process (KontiadeÃÅ'„s, 2013). It thereby helps in the enhancement of the work and also discards the fighting or the clash between the employees about the particular work. With the variation of the ideas, the attempt of selection of the best plan comes out which helps to succeed the work in between the prefixed time period. Coaching for success and the random creation of the practices helps in the generation of the acts of the kindness. Feedbacks are very much crucial for the enhancement of the growth of the work and the also are seemed to be a part of reviewing the productivity, effectiveness of the employees. Positive feedback helps in the process of the encouragement for the employees working in the company or the organisation. Therefore it also helps in the determining the efficiency, effectiveness and the performance of the employees with the enhancement of the growth of the productivity (Nezi, 2012). The negative feedback provides the opportunity for the purpose of the rectification of the employees and thereby it also helps in the enhancement of the growth of employees. Creation of the trust, acting fairly and providing respects are the most important things for the creation of the judgement for the company. It thereby helps in the enhancement of the problems that are seemed to be requisite for the creation of the proper judgement with the consideration of the appropriate trust. It also helps in the apologising the mistakes undertaken due to the admitting of the wrong deeds that are done by the employees (Rojko, Lesjak, uteriÄ , 2015). With the creation of fun in the work time energizes the employees and also motivates the employees for the creation of the appropriate work with the provision of the relaxation period in between the work time. It is one of the best processes for the creation of the observation in between the workers and henceforth the judgement can be made accordingly (Riccoboni, Callaghan, Riccoboni, 2012). Paying special attention to the high potential employees helps in creation of the appropriate futuristic outputs for the company and thereby it also helps in the engagement of the special training for the development of their skills. Implementation of the incentives with avoiding the downsizing helps the employer to give effort in the work and thereby it also helps in the reduction of the costs of the productions and it also helps in the enhancement of the capacity of the work. The implementation of the incentives facilitates the employees with the increment of the motivation and the performance significantly seemed to be improved (The Lancet, 2005). Case three The crisis management is one of the most important aspects of the business organizations, specially for the organizations like mining as there are probabilities of accidents are use to be very high because the mining is a accident prone organization. Therefore, in order to combat with the crisis a team must be made, which always ready for the crisis. If there is any gap in the talent or skill within the team then it will be problematic as owing to the skill gap the synchronization among the team cannot be possible or it cannot be synchronized adequately. As a result the desired result cannot be achieved from the team. Therefore, the required training and learning session must be organized time to time to reduce the talent or skill gap among the crisis management team of the mining organization ("Business Continuity Management. A Crisis Management Approach", 2003). In order to create the crisis management team, a proper plan is needed to select the proper candidates for the team so th at the selection criteria should be stringent as well as it must be efficient so that the most eligible candidates only get a chance to serve this crisis management team (Nel, 2011). The team should be of a proper format a proper hierarchy, where the some leaders, who are expert in different fields, will manage their subordinate team. The team will always be ready for the crisis and the team should have capability and efficiency so that they can minimize the risk in order combat with the crisis. The team will handle the crisis and keep away the crisis from the company. The team will be rewarded on their success when the team successfully battle with the crisis, and win over the crisis, the team will be awarded from the management of the organization so that they will be encouraged to do more dreadful job at the time requirement. Besides this, those from the team will give the better performance will be specially rewarded so that the confidence of the team will be improved and they e ncourage to put extra effort to minimize the impact of the crisis on the organization (Rothwell Kazanas, 2003). The members of the crisis management team should have adequate knowledge of the crisis management; the latest techniques use to combat with crisis as well as al aspect all features of crisis management so that in the time of crisis they can help to minimize the crisis and the crisis can be overcome successfully. Conclusion recommendation The performance management initiatives help in minimizing the issue which hinders the organization to obtain optimum performance from the employees (Ryakhovskaya, 2014). Thus, with the help of effective performance management strategies and motivational plans, the performance of the workforce can be improved substantially so that the productivity of the workforce and well as the mining organization will be improved considerably so that the profitability of the organization is also improved. In order to motivate the workforce the management arranges several different types of reward program (Ushanov, 2015). The workers will get the monitory benefits as a reward, which encourage the workers to provide much better performances to the organizations. Besides this, recognition and promotion can improve their performance; they can be awarded with a vacation in any exciting sites, which also help in improving the motivation of the organization. The economic crisis as well as the political si tuation of Middle East can be handled by effective policies. The economic crisis can be minimized by efficient fund allocations that help in carrying out the necessary business activities of each of the mining sites. As well as by substantial improvement in security for the Middle East workers and subsequently their remuneration increment as well as other financial and non financial benefits help to retain the employees who work in the Middle East site of the mining organization (Yurieva, 2014). Apart from this the efficient recruitment of the crisis management team helps the company to minimize the crisis. The human resources management policies and strategies help in minimizing crisis. By effective reward system the optimum performance from the crisis team can be obtain that help in minimizing the crisis. References Business Continuity Management. A Crisis Management Approach. (2003).J Contingencies Crisis Man,11(1), 47-48. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.11010081 Joshi, A., Liao, H., Martocchio, J. (2011).Research in personnel and human resources management. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Martocchio, J. (2007).Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management. Burlington: Elsevier Science. Martocchio, J. Ferris, G. (2003).Research in personnel and human resources management. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Nel, P. (2011).Human resources management. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. Rothwell, W. Kazanas, H. (2003).Planning and managing human resources. Amherst, Mass.: HRD Press. Ryakhovskaya, A. (2014). Transformation of crisis management in crisis-management business.Jour, (2), 102. https://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2011-2-102-107 Ushanov, P. (2015). Crisis Management As A New Management Paradigm.Jour, (1), 66. https://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2010-1-66-79 Yurieva, à Ã‚ ¢. (2014). Crisis Management And Project Approach.Jour, (5), 74. https://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2013-5-74-78 Aguinis, H. (2009).Performance management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Cook, J. (2003).Performance management. Rochester, MN: IBM International Technical Support Organization. Curseu, P. (2015). Team Performance Management 2014.Team Performance Management, 21(1/2). Das, H. (2003).Performance management. Toronto: Prentice Hall. Maņºlanka-Wieczorek, B. (2014). Talent management and high performance work system.JOIS, 7(1), pp.102-108. Mitchell, D. (2007).Performance management. Chandni Chowk, Delhi: Global Media. PeÃÅ' rotin, V. and Robinson, A. (2004).Employee participation, firm performance and survival. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI. Van Dooren, W. (2011). Better Performance Management.Public Performance Management Review, 34(3), pp.420-433. BoveÃÅ' e, C. Thill, J. (2000).Business communication today. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Gerson, S. Gerson, S. (2007).Workplace communication. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. KontiadeÃÅ'„s, X. (2013).Constitutions in the global financial crisis. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. Mitsakis, F. (2014). The Impact of Economic Crisis in Greece: Key Facts and an Overview of the Banking Sector.Business And Economic Research,4(1), 250. https://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v4i1.5515 Nezi, R. (2012). Economic voting under the economic crisis: Evidence from Greece.Electoral Studies,31(3), 498-505. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2012.02.007 Riccoboni, A., Callaghan, D., Riccoboni, A. (2012).The art of selling yourself. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin. Rojko, K., Lesjak, D., uteriÄ , J. (2015). Information and communication technology spending and the latest (2008-) economic crisis.IJSE,7(4), 306. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijse.2015.072195 The Lancet,. (2005). Migration of health workers: an unmanaged crisis.The Lancet,365(9474), 1825. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66592-0